Original Item: Only One Available. Germany entered World War I with a single grenade design: a heavy 750-gram (26 oz) ball-shaped fragmentation grenade for use only by pioneers in attacking fortifications. This was known as the Kugelhandgranate ("ball hand grenade") also known as Khg Mod. 1913, the first German hand fragmentation grenade. However it was too heavy for regular use on the battlefield by untrained troops and not suitable for mass production. This left Germany without a standard-issue grenade and improvised designs similar to those of the British were used until a proper grenade could be supplied. Like all deactivated ordnance, this grenade is Not Available for Export.

This occurred in 1915, with the development of the M1915 Stielhandgranate ("Stalk Hand Grenade"), the first of the iconic German "potato masher" grenades. The early versions utilized a somewhat complex "Poppenberg" spoon safety system for the percussion fuze on the handle, with an intricate “Brennzunder” style head. In this design, the striker pin was held in position, and a creep spring held it from the primer. When the safety pin was pulled by the spoon and the grenade was thrown, the striker was released and would ignite the primer on impact, detonating the grenade.

Unlike grenades used by other countries, it was not a fragmentation design, and had a long shaft on the warhead to aid in throwing the grenade long distances. It relied much more on concussion blast effect than shrapnel. It was one of the first "offensive" type of grenades fielded. There was however also a "defensive" type used, utilizing an M1913 Kugelhandgranate body attached to the end using a brass adapter.

This example has the Brennzunder head, but has the later bottom cap system with the bead still retained inside. This was often done during the transition between models, so it is completely period. The shaft of this example is clearly marked

5 ½ SECUNDEN
LACHMANN - BERLIN

The head of the grenade is painted red which appears period.  The head is secure but does not screw all the way down as seen in the image but grenade head is totally stable and will not detach for display purposes. This is an extremely rare model of grenade, only the 2nd we have ever offered with this style of head. Comes ready for further research and display!

Production variations
Model 1915 (M15)
In 1915, industries of the German Empire designed and began production of the original Stielhandgranate, appropriately named Model 1915 (M15). It utilized a priming system, unlike the percussion cap pin used in most grenades of the period. The easily recognizable "potato masher" shape is a result of a number of different styles and choices of the design. The grenade mounted a charge head within a sheet-steel cylinder atop a long hollow-wooden handle. Internally, the explosive – initially ammonal but later approximately 170 g (6.0 oz) of trinitrotoluene filling – was connected to a detonator, and a pull cord ran from the detonator down the length of the hollow handle, emerging from the base. To use, a soldier would simply pull the string downwards, dragging a rough steel rod through the igniter within the fuse. The rod's abrasive contact would cause sparks and a flame to light from within, setting the fuse burning. This fuse took approximately four and a half seconds to reach the detonator before exploding.

The Stielhandgranate's handle design provided a lever motion in a throw, significantly improving the effective range of use. It could be thrown by the common German infantryman approximately 27 to 37 metres (30 to 40 yd), whereas the British Mills bomb could often only be thrown about 14 metres (15 yd). The British War Office report "WO 291/472 Performance and handling of HE grenades" gives an average figure for a standing throw of a Mills bomb as 27 m (30 yd), (23 m (25 yd) when crouched and 22 m (24 yd) lying prone). One issue that hand grenades of the time had was unpredictable rolling after landing. The German Stielhandgranate did not suffer nearly as much, and in some respects not at all, from this problem as the handle together with the charge head resisted rolling. Instead of rolling straight down a hill or across rough terrain, the Stielhandgranate could create an axis for rotation: it would instead roll from side to side, because the charge head and length of the grenade acted as a balance. However, the additional length of the handle and the irregular overall shape meant that fewer grenades could be carried. It also took longer to prime the grenade than an allied counterpart, such as the Mills Bomb.

The Stielhandgranate primarily relied on a concussion blast effect, the container creating little fragmentation compared with many grenades of the time, such as the Mills Bomb and the French F1 Grenade, the later World War II American Mk 2 grenade, and the Soviet F1 Grenade. Fragmentation produced shrapnel which could wound enemy infantry over a large area, a factor which made these types of grenade very good for open areas, such as fields, the blasted expanse of no man's land, beaches, spacious trenches, and wide city streets. Concussion grenades, on the other hand, based their wounding ability purely on the shock and blast of the explosives. The Stielhandgranate was extremely effective and reliable in clearing enclosed areas, such as buildings, fortifications, and the fighting compartment of an enemy tank. On the other hand, performance in wide open areas was less than satisfactory. The blast effect could only go so far before dying out, while pieces from an equivalent fragmentation grenade could fly hundreds of metres (it was not unrealistic to expect that metal shrapnel could hit a soldier that the grenade was not intended for, especially in open areas).

Model 1916 M16 Stielhandgranate
The original M15 grenade suffered from an unfortunate design issue. The pull cord which activated the grenade's fuse extruded from the base and could get caught in debris or clutter on the battlefields of World War I, causing the fuse to be ignited, and the grenade to explode on the belt of an unaware infantryman. This resulted in the introduction of the Model 1916 (M16).

Functionally identical to the M15, the M16 included a vital change in the base design. A small porcelain ball was placed at the base of the grenade, attached directly to the pull cord. This prevented the string from being exposed. The small bead was partially enveloped in the wooden handle, meaning that some force was needed to pluck it out. Operation was nearly identical, except that a soldier no longer needed to pull the string itself. This improved version resistant to humidity thanks to its stick cap which screwed onto the bottom which concealed the ignition string. It was later improved by riveting a star-shaped plate which helped the unscrewing of the cap in muddy conditions (an oft encountered condition of the trenches).

From 1916, the ammonium nitrate used as explosive for stick grenades models 1915 and 1916 was gradually replaced by the more powerful Tolite. As a consequence the grenade head volume could be decreased, and the manufacturing process could evlove from the usual crimping to thin steel plate stamping in one piece. This modification gave birth to the:

Model 1917 M17 Stielhandgranate
In the same time the manufacturing specifications became much more precise, so that the numerous producers realized stamped boxes having the same shape and the same dimensions.