Original Item: Only One Available. The Springfield Model 1861 was a Minié-type rifled musket shoulder-arm used by the United States Army and Marine Corps during the American Civil War. Commonly referred to as the "Springfield" (after its original place of production, Springfield, Massachusetts), it was the most widely used U.S. Army weapon during the Civil War, favored for its range, accuracy, and reliability.

The barrel was 40 inches long, firing a .58 caliber Minié ball, and the total weight was approximately 9 pounds. The Springfield had an effective range of 200 to 300 yards, and used percussion caps to fire (rather than the flintlocks of the 18th century, the last U.S. flintlock musket was the Model 1840). Trained troops were able to fire at a rate of three aimed shots per minute while maintaining accuracy up to 500 yards, though firing distances in the war were often much shorter. The most notable difference between the Model 1861 and the earlier Model 1855 was the elimination of the Maynard tape primer for the Model 1861 (the Maynard primer, a self-feeding primer system, was unreliable in damp weather, and the priming mechanism was expensive and time-consuming to produce). Further, unlike the Model 1855, the Model 1861 was never produced in a two-banded "short rifle" configuration.

The Springfield was aimed using flip-up leaf sights. The sight had two leaves, one for 300 yards and the other for 500 yards, and with both leaves down, the sight was set for a range of 100 yards. By contrast, the British Pattern 1853 Enfield, favored by the Confederates, utilized a ladder-sight system with 100 yard increments, using steps from 100 to 400 yards and a flip up ladder for ranges beyond 500 yards. While the Enfield's sights did allow finer range settings, the Springfield's simple leaves were more rugged and were less expensive to produce. The Enfield's sights extended to 900 yards (and further, on later models), compared to the 500 yard maximum range of the Springfield's sights. Realistically, though, hitting anything beyond 600 yards with either weapon was mostly a matter of luck. While the sight designs were very different, the two weapons were otherwise very similar, and had very similar effective ranges.

The Springfield Rifle cost $20 each at the Springfield Armory, where they were officially made. Overwhelmed by the demand, the armory opened its weapons patterns up to twenty private contractors, including Edward Robinson of New York, N.Y.. The firm produced some 30,000 weapons for the army during the Civil War. These were delivered up to the end of the war, and they did not change to the model 1863 specifications, so there are examples of Model 1861 rifled muskets dated 1864 and 1865.

The Model 1861 was relatively scarce in the early years of the Civil War (many troops were still using Model 1842 smoothbored muskets and Model 1816/1822 muskets converted to percussion cap primers, both in .69 caliber). It is unlikely that any of these were available for use in the First Battle of Bull Run. However, over time, more and more regiments began receiving Model 1861 rifled muskets, though this upgrade appeared somewhat quicker in the Eastern Theater of Operations. Over 1,000,000 Model 1861 rifles were produced, with the Springfield Armory increasing its production during the war by contracting out to twenty other firms in the Union. The number of Model 1861 muskets produced by the Springfield Armory was 265,129 between January 1, 1861 and December 31, 1863. According to United States Muskets, Rifles and Carbines by Arcadi Gluckman Colonel Infantry, United States Army, published 1949.

After the war ended, many model 1861 and 1863 rifled muskets were modified to a breech loading actions with new metallic cartridges. With these modifications, the basic 1861 evolved into the Springfield Model 1873 which served the US until being replaced in the 1890s by modern breech loading rifles chambered for new smokeless powder rounds that were far superior to the Model 1873.

This lovely matured example however was not converted, and is still in the original configuration. It is dated 1864 on the lock plate tail, and also has the Federal Eagle stamped into the lock under the hammer over U.S.. To the right of this is the contractor's maker mark: E. ROBINSON / NEW YORK. The markings on the lock are clear and overall the lock plate is in very good condition, especially considering the age, with just some light peppering. The barrel nocks form still shows the correct V / P / Eeagle's Head proof marks, however the date on the barrel is worn away. There is also a faint H.M.B. marking on the left side of the barrel, a known marking on Robinson contract muskets that has not been identified.

The walnut stock is in lovely shape, showing a lovely red brown color, with the expected dents and dings from use in service. It has a great matured look, showing no major restoration or alterations during its life, and there is an old nailed repair on the right side of the barrel tang, which later broke away. There are two faint "boxed" inspection cartouches on the left side of the stock by the lock screws, but we cannot read them. Definitely some great history to this rifled musket, and some nice research potential.

The metalwork overall has a nice gray peppery patina, achieved by years of light oxidation and subsequent cleaning, but no major pit rust blooms. The breech area of the barrel shows significant powder burn, so this is definitely a musket that saw a good amount of service during the war. We checked the bore, and it still has clear three groove rifling, however there is definitely overall fouling and oxidation from service, so it did see a good amount of use.

The lock functions correctly, holding at half cock and firing at full, though the cleanout on the bolster is currently frozen. This gun is fitted with a later style 2 leaf rear sight, as used on the Model 1863 TypeI II muskets, which functions well. Both sling swivels are intact and move freely. The ramrod is the correct and original tulip type with an enlarged shank, and has intact but worn threads on the end.

The included socket bayonet on this example is in very good shape, and fits great on the muzzle of the rifle, locking into place securely. It shows some past peppering and oxidation, and it shows a lovely mottled patina now. The U.S. stamp on the ricasso is still present, making this a really nice example.

This is a great chance to pick up an lovely honestly used example of a Civil War Contract Rifled musket, complete with its original bayonet. Ready to research and display!

Specifications (Rifle):-

Year of Manufacture: 1864
Caliber: .58"
Cartridge Type: Minié Ball and Powder
Barrel Length: ;40 Inches
Overall Length: 56 Inches
Action type: Side Action Lock
Feed System: Muzzle Loaded

Specifications (Bayonet):-

Blade Length: 18"
Blade Style: Triangular
Socket Length: 3"
Overall length: 21”

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