Original Item: Only One Available. Now this is a rare opportunity! We have previously only had a few of these very scarce Italian Vetterli Carbines with the original bayonets. The socket bayonets with 18 inch cruciform blades are quite a bit rarer than the carbine itself, so finding an example like this is a real treat!

The M1870 Vetterli is a somewhat strange looking carbine, however these were no doubt quite effective in Italy during the 1870s. The M1870 Vetterli Long Rifle was the Italian service rifle from 1870-1887, and was a single-shot bolt action rifle chambered for the 10.4mm Vetterli centrefire cartridge. This was first loaded with black powder and later with smokeless powder. The M1870 was based upon the M1869 Swiss Vetterli but simplified for economy. Starting in 1887, all model 1870s were updated to the M1870/87 Italian Vetterli-Vitali variant, which has a 4 round magazine and other changes. Many of the rifles were later converted to work with 6.5mm ammunition after 1915, making unconverted Vetterli rifles hard to find.

The carbine versions however were generally not converted, either for use with a magazine or for the 6.5mm ammunition. They were mostly taken out of service, or put into use in rear line use.

The interesting feature of the 1870 Carbine is that it was issued with a rather long socket bayonet, intended to give the trooper reach when confronted with a Cavalryman. This bayonet is stored by being reversed on the barrel front and pointed backward when not in use, as there was a purpose built slot in the carbine's fore stock to accept the blade of the socket bayonet. Finding a carbine still with the bayonet is exceedingly rare. This bayonet is in good condition, and the locking ring is intact, though it is a bit loose. The bayonet correctly fits in both positions.

This carbine bears serial number A 9241 on the barrel knoxform and stock, and is offered in very good condition. The metalwork has a lovely patina, and it even still has the rotating dust cover for the bolt opening! It is marked TORINO in an oval over an 1882 date on the barrel, indicating manufacture at the Turin Arsenal in 1882. The stock is in very nice condition, though it looks like most of the markings have been worn off. Mechanically the carbine in very good condition, as is the bore. It shows clear lands and grooves and a mostly bright finish, with just a bit of oxidation in the grooves.

Overall a very nice example of this somewhat rare and desirable weapon, with the even rarer bayonet, ready to display!

Specifications (Carbine):-

Year of Manufacture: 1882
Caliber: 10.4×47mmR
Cartridge Type: Centerfire Cartridge
Barrel Length: 17.5 inches
Overall Length: 36.5 Inches
Action type: Bolt-Action
Feed System: Single Shot

Specifications (Bayonet):-

Blade length: 18 1/4”
Blade style: Cruciform "Épée"
Socket Length: 2 9/16"
Overall length: 21”

History of the Vetterli Rifle
The 19th Century proved a critical one for the advancement of firearms. Up to this point, the flintlock muzzle-loading system was the adopted standard but all this changed with the advent of the percussion cap system and breech-loading configuration. Add to this the arrival of the self-contained cartridge and the gun of the late 1800s was a far cry from that of early part of the decade.

In Switzerland, Johann-Freidrich Vetterli had developed a new cartridge-based, breech-loading, bolt-action rifle that entered service with the Swiss Army in 1869 - the "Vetterli Rifle". This long gun was based around the 10.4x38mm Swiss cartridge, a rimfire cartridge with black powder content. The rifle went on to provide service from the period of 1869 to 1890 with some of the 36,700 units seeing combat service into World War 1 (1914-1918) on the side of the Russians.

The Italian Army, in search of a modern cartridge-based long gun themselves, adopted the Swiss gun a short time later and these came to be known as the Model 1870 "Italian Vetterli". The Italian model differed somewhat from its original Swiss design in that attention was paid to streamlining the product for Italian Army requirements. The rifle - once an 11-round tube-fed weapon - was reduced to just single-shot firing and rechambered for the 10.35x47mmR, a centerfire cartridge with black powder content. On the whole, the rifles maintained the same design form as the Swiss version with its long wooden stock, ornate trigger guard, and turn-down bolt handle. A large rear sighting assembly was an identifying feature of the Italian mark and a two-banded arrangement was seen on the long wooden body leading up to the muzzle.

In 1887, the rifle was upgraded with a four-round projecting magazine case for repeat-firing, this afforded much efficient use out of the bolt-action arrangement. The magazine was of a local design by Italian artillery Captain G. Vitali - his surname making it into the revised designation of Model 1870/87 "Italian Vetterli-Vitali". This magazine was fed by way of Mannlicher-style preloaded clips while still chambered for the 10.4x47R cartridge. The modified guns were appropriately marked along their butt stocks.

By the time of World War 1 (1914-1918), the Italian government - as with other world powers - found itself desperately short of many viable war-making products including service rifles. It committed to the war effort on the side of the Allies in 1915 and quickly scoured its stores for useful weapons of all types. This meant that the aged Model 1870s were still in play, numbering in the hundreds of thousands by this point. However, local conversions were forced upon the design in an attempt to produce a more modern end-product - chief of these changes being the conversion to the 6.5x52mm Carcano standard Italian rifle cartridge with smokeless powder content. The move also required new barrel lining and new magazine (Mannlicher type).

The 6.5mm Italian Vetterli guns were issued to second-line Italian Army regiments in the hope that these groups would not be pressed into serious combat action - but if they were they could carry with them a somewhat useful infantry rifle. This did not prove the norm on the whole however for the rifles did see direct combat action against the enemy during several of the Italian offensives of the war.

The Italian Vetterli was still in circulation throughout the inter-war period following and some even played a role in the Italian invasion of Ethiopia during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War (1935-1936), the Italians claiming a decisive victory.

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